Cutting oil base



PatentedA .une 22, 1948 PATENT cFFjlCi-a GTT'ING om BASE Ciminna anla vicijtr lll. iwe, ver-ton,` Ohio, l assigliorsl te stries,'lne., Cincinnati, Ohio, a cbr#- NQDjavving, .lignal application May l2,0, 1942,

aan ef me .ewa-ua `if each ina ill nature 'df vat blfieiaiyihaae mi visait *a fatty acid soaps into solution in mineral oil and admixtures of glyceryl mono oleate and red oil or oleic acid soap are known as emulsifying agents. Such compositions, however, are not suitable as the principal constituents of cutting oils for several reasons. If they are in the proportions in which rosin soap to fatty acid mono ester is present in the compositions of this invention the red oil soap is incapable of dissolving in the oil. And, While more of the fatty acid mono ester is capable of causing the red oil soap to dissolve in mineral oil, the oil then either gels and loses its fluid characteristics or does not emulsify in Water.

In the same manner that a soap of a fatty acid does not give satisfactory results when combined with a mono ester of a fatty acid, badresaults also are obtained when the effort is made to combine a rosin soap with a rosin mono ester; the resulting product is insoluble in oil.

In contrast with these results, there is a peculiar and very desirable response to fatty acid mono esters by the rosin soap. Such a material, When in the proper proportion to the mono ester, is capable of exerting the required emulsifying action upon a variety of mineral oils and of emulsifying such oils With a variety of different types of water, lboth acid and alkaline. The base itself is a substantially neutral composition and exerts no corrosive action on metals.

The products of the present invention therefore, which are capable of providing the desired emulsifying propertiesy as Well as the toleration to variations in both the oil and Water with which they subsequently are admixed, consist essentially of an alkali metal soap of rosin and a fatty acid mono ester of a polyhydric or dihydric alcohol.

The alkali metal of choice which is used for saponifying the rosin is potassium, the rosin soap thus being, chiey, potassium abietate. Sodium may be employed as a substitute for potassium in saponifying the rosin, though the base is heavier.

In this case it is usually desirable to dilute the base with mineral oil in order to make it suiiiciently thin to be poured from shipping containers Without difficulty.

The fatty acids adapted to be employed in the practice of the present invention are preferably liquid fatty acids obtained from natural fats and preferably fatty acid containing from 16 to 18 carbon atoms in chain length as, for example, oleic acid, corn oil fatty acids, soybean fatty acids and the like. The solid fatty acids and particularly the mon-o esters of them are less soluble in mineral oil than the mono esters of the liquid fatty acids and sometimes tend to crystallize out of the oil if the composition becomes chilled.

Ethylene glycol, 4diethylene glycol, glycerol and the like are typical alcohols which may be employed in the preparation of the present compositions. However, as between the poly and ydihydric alcohols, the polyhydric alcohols are preferred inasmuch as, in the present compositions, the polyhydric alcohol esters are much more effective than the dihydric alcohol esters in promoting emulsifiability and the solubility which is desired. For these reasons the esters of the `dihydric alcohols may be considered as the partial equivalents, not the full equivalent, of the polyhydrie alcohol esters in the practice of this improvement. In general, Wood rosin is preferred to gum rosin in the preparation of the rosin soap employed in the compositions. In the manufacture of the present cuttingoil 4 base the mono ester and the rosin soap are preferably made independently of one another and then admixed in the proper ratio. 'Ihe mono ester is made by heating glycerine and fatty acid to a high temperature until the free fatty acid has been reduced to about 2%. While the ester is Warm rosin is added in the desired proportion and the ester and the rosin are then admixed. The rosin is more easily saponied and handled when dissolved in the ester than when saponied directly. Potassium hydroxide sufficient in amount to saponify the rosin is then added and, after saponication is complete, the cutting oil base is ready for use.

A typical cutting oil base of the present invention is of thefollowing proximate analysis:

Potassium rosin soap parts by weight 45 Glyceryl mono oleate -..do 35 Red oil soap dn 5 Water per cent..- 7.5

price of rosin is high and, conversely, to exclude sulphonates when they are in demand, thereby keeping the cost of the product at a. minimum under fluctuating market conditions. Mineral oil sulphonates up to approximately 40% byweight may be employed when desirable.

In the manufacture of cutting oils from these bases the proportion utilized ordinarily resides in the range of 12 to 20 parts of base to each 10D parts of mineral oil,

In contrast with the mahogany sulphonate type cutting oil bases that have been available in thek past, the quality fof an emulsion obtained by the `bases of the present invention is influenced by the amount of base employed. If a poor emulsion is obtained using a given amount of base, a good emulsion can readily be made, except under unusual conditions, by using a larger quantity. This property enables each cutting oil manufacturer to use a minimum quantity of base to produce the necessary emulsion with-the particular mineral oil from which the given cutting oil is being made.

Having described our invention, we claim:

1. A cutting oil base consisting essentially of alkali metal rosin soap, glyceryl mono oleate and an appreciable amount of oil soluble mineral oil sulphonates, substantially one to two parts by Weight of rosin soap being present to each one part of glyceryl mono oleate, the amount of mineral oil sulphonates not exceeding substantially 40% by weight of the Whole composition.

2. A cutting oil base consisting essentially of lapproximately 45 parts by Weight of alkali metal rosin soap, 35 parts by weight of glyceryl mono oleate, and an appreciable amount of oil soluble mineral oil sulphonates up to approximately 40% by Weight of the Whole composition,

A3. A cutting oil base consisting essentially of approximately 45 parts by weight of alkali metal rosin soap, 35 parts by weight oi glyceryl mono oleate and approximately 10 to 15% by weight of the whole composition c f oil soluble mineral oil sulphonates. l

4. A cutting oil basewconsisting essentially lo i' approximately 45 parts by weight of potassium soap of rosin fatty acids, 35 parts by weight of glyceryl mono oleate and an appreciable amount of oil soluble mineral oil sulphonates up to approximately 40% by weight of the whole composition.

5. A cutting oil base consisting essentially of rosin soap, a mono ester of a fatty acid from 16 to 18 carbon atoms in chain length and a member of the class consisting of di- .and polyhydric alcohols, and an appreciable amount of oil soluble mineral oil sulphonates, substantially 1 to 2 parts by weight 0f rosin soap being present to each 1 part by weight of mono ester, and the amount of oil soluble mineral oil sulphonates not exceeding substantially 40% by weight of the whole composition.

6. A cutting oil base consisting essentially of rosin soap, oil soluble mineral oil sulphonates. and a. mono ester of oleic acid and a member of the class consisting of diand polyhydric alcohols, substantially 1 to 2 parts by weight of rosin soap being present to each' one part of mono ester, and the amount of oil soluble mineral oil sulphonates being an appreciable amount but not exceeding substantially 40% by weight of the whole composition.

7. A cutting oil base consisting essentially oi a mono ester of a fatty acid of from 16 to 18 carbon atoms in chain length and a polyhydric alcohol, in admixture with .a rosin soap of an alkali metal and cil soluble mineral oil sulpho nates, substantially 1 to 2 parts by weight of the rosin soap being present to each one part of mono ester, and the amount of oil soluble mineral oil sulph'onates being an appreciable amount but not exceeding substantially 40% by weight of the Whole composition.

8. A cutting oil base consisting essentially of a mono ester of a fatty acid of from 16 to 18 carbon atoms in chain length and a dihydric alcohol, in admixture with a rosin soap of an alkali metal and oil soluble mineral oil sulphunates, substantially 1 to 2 parts by Weight of the rosin soap being present to each one part of mono ester, and the amount of oil soluble mineral oil sulphonates being an appreciable amount but not exceeding substantially 40% by weight of th'e Whole composition.

LATIBEER D. MYERS. l

VICTOR J. MUCKERHEIDE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in tile file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

